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NEW QUESTION 50
RAIL:
- A. compromise
- B. tout
- C. acquiesce
- D. conspire
- E. esteem
Answer: C
Explanation:
To RAIL is to "complain or denounce vehemently" (as in "rail against injustice"), contrary to
acquiesce(agree, comply, or consent, usually by silence or inaction).
NEW QUESTION 51
In 1892 the Sierra Club was formed. In 1908 an area of coastal redwood trees north of San Francisco was
established as Muir Woods National Monument. In the Sierra Nevada mountains, a walking trail from
Yosemite Valley to Mount Whitney was dedicated in 1938. It is called John Muir Trail. John Muir was born
in 1838 in Scotland. His family name means "moor," which is a meadow full of flowers and animals. John
loved nature from the time he was small. He also liked to climb rocky cliffs and walls. When John was
eleven, his family moved to the United States and settled in Wisconsin. John was good with tools and
soon became an inventor. He first invented a model of a sawmill. Later he invented an alarm clock that
would cause the sleeping person to be tipped out of bed when the timer sounded. Muir left home at an
early age. He took a thousand-mile walk south to the Gulf of Mexico in 1867and 1868. Then he sailed for
San Francisco. The city was too noisy and crowded for Muir, so he headed inland for the Sierra Nevadas.
When Muir discovered the Yosemite Valley in the Sierra Nevadas, it was as if he had come home. He
loved the mountains, the wildlife, and the trees. He climbed the mountains and even climbed trees during
thunderstorms in order to get closer to the wind. He put forth the theory in the late 1860's that the
Yosemite Valley had been formed through the action of glaciers. People ridiculed him. Not until 1930 was
Muir's theory proven correct. Muir began to write articles about the Yosemite Valley to tell readers about
its beauty. His writing also warned people that Yosemite was in danger from timber mining and sheep
ranching interests. In 1901 Theodore Roosevelt became president of the United States.
He was interested in conservation. Muir took the president through Yosemite, and Roosevelt helped get
legislation passed to create Yosemite National Park in 1906.
Although Muir won many conservation battles, he lost a major one. He fought to save the Hetch Valley,
which people wanted to dam in order to provide water for San Francisco.
In the late 1913 a bill was signed to dam the valley. Muir died in 1914. Some people say losing the fight to
protect the valley killed Muir.
When did John Muir meet Theodore Roosevelt?
- A. between 1906-1907
- B. between 1906 and 1914
- C. between 1868 and 1901
- D. between 1901 and 1906
- E. between 1838 and 1868
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 52
LAUGHTER : AMUSEMENT ::
- A. leisure : recreation
- B. stealth : openness
- C. pride : humility
- D. squalor : filth
- E. pallor : illness
Answer: E
Explanation:
This is a "sign or symptom of" analogy. LAUGHTER is a common sign of AMUSEMENT, and
pallor(paleness) is a common sign of illness.
NEW QUESTION 53
The 35-millimeter (mm) format became the standard for movie production around 1913. The mid-1920s
through the mid-1930s, however, saw a resurgence of wide-film (55-mm to 70-mm) formats. Development
then slackened until the 1950s, when widescreen film-making came back in direct response to the erosion
of box office receipts resulting from the rising popularity of television. This new era saw another flurry of
specialized formats, including Cinema-Scope and, in 1956, Camera 65, which Panavision developed for
MGM Studios and which was first used to film Raintree Country. Panavision soon contributed another key
technical advance, spherical 65mm lenses, which eliminated the "fat faces" syndrome that had plagued
CinemaScope films.
Though many films were made in widescreen formats during this period, these formats floundered
because of expense, unwieldy cameras, and slow film stocks and lenses. After the invention of a set of
3 5-mm anamorphic lenses, which could be used to squeeze a widescreen image onto theatrical screens,
film technology improved to the point where quality 70-mm prints could be enlarged from 35-mm
negatives.
It can be inferred from the passage that wide-film formats were
- A. more widely used during the 1920s than during the 1930s
- B. not used after 1956
- C. not used during the 1940s
- D. in use before 1913
- E. more widely used for some types of movies than for others
Answer: D
Explanation:
The passage refers to the establishment of a 35-mm standard around 1913, followed by a "resurgence" of
wide-film formats (in the mid-1920s to the mid-1930s). This resurgencesuggests that wide-film formats
were not new because they had been used before the 35-mm standard was established; that is, before
1 913.
NEW QUESTION 54
While there will always be a need for social programs geared toward alleviating the poverty of individuals,
the community is perhaps the more relevant level for public policy intervention, especially in rural areas. It
has been recognized that social isolation within urban ghettos is a structural characteristic of urban
poverty, but rural poverty is marked by physical isolation as well. This uniqueness makes rural community
poverty particularly intractable, requiring policies that account for the cost of isolation. It is possible to
provide vocational training for individuals anywhere, but if there are no jobs within the community for
those individuals, the training is largely wasted. The current transition to a service-based economy and
deregulation in transportation (resulting in disproportionately higher transportation costs for relatively
isolated areas) have only exacerbated the growing social and economic distress in rural America,
underscoring the need to redefine poverty and redirect the focus of our funding agencies and
policy-makers in accordance with the new definition. What's needed is a more holistic view on an
aggregate level, where poverty is properly seen as a condition of the local social structure, with income
only one of the salient parameters.
The author mentions "the current transition to a service-based economy and deregulation in
transportation" (lines 20-22) most likely to
- A. underscore the isolation of people in rural communities
- B. provide support for a more flexible poverty standard
- C. suggest that manufacturing jobs are disappearing
- D. emphasize the lack of job skills among rural residents
- E. contrast the old economy with the new economy
Answer: B
Explanation:
transition to a service-based economy and deregulation in transportation . . . underscor[e]
the need to redefine poverty." The refined definition that the author advocates is apparent from the
passage's opening and final sentences: Poverty should be measured not just at the individual level but
also at the community level (especially in rural areas). In other words, the standard for poverty should be
more flexible, as choiceE.indicates.
NEW QUESTION 55
INFLATE : BIGGER
- A. diminish : smaller
- B. revere: lower
- C. elongate: shorter
- D. meditate: higher
- E. fluctuate: longer
Answer: A
Explanation:
Topic 2, Antonyms
NEW QUESTION 56
For absolute dating of archeological artifacts, the radiocarbon method emerged during the latter half of
the twentieth century as the most reliable and precise method. The results of obsidian (volcanic glass)
dating, a method based on the belief that newly exposed obsidian surfaces absorb moisture from the
surrounding atmosphere at a constant rate, proved uneven. It was initially thought that the thickness of
the hydration layer would provide a means of calculating the time elapsed since the fresh surface was
made. But this method failed to account for the chemical variability in the physical and chemical
mechanism of obsidian hydration. Moreover, each geographic source presented unique chemical
characteristics, necessitating a trace element analysis for each such source. Yet despite its limitations,
obsidian dating helped archeologists identify the sources of many obsidian artifacts, and to identify in turn
ancient exchange networks for the flow of goods. Nor were ceramic studies and fluoride analysis
supplanted entirely by the radiocarbon method, which in use allows for field labeling and laboratory errors,
as well as sample contamination. In addition, in the 1970s, dendrochronological (tree-ring) studies on the
bristlecone pine showed that deviation from radiocarbon values increases as one moves back in time.
Eventually calibration curves were developed to account for this phenomenon; but in the archeological
literature we still find dual references to radiocarbon and sidereal, or calendar, time.
The author would probably consider which of the following the LEAST likely means of dating
archeological artifacts?
- A. Fluoride analysis
- B. Obsidian hydration-layer analysis
- C. Dendrochronological studies
- D. Radiocarbon dating
- E. Ceramics studies
Answer: C
Explanation:
As the passage indicates, dendrochronological studies involve analyzing tree rings. Although the wood
from trees might have been used for creating items which are now considered rcheological artifacts, the
author does not indicate explicitly that tree rings are studied for the purpose of dating such artifacts.
NEW QUESTION 57
VIE:
- A. admit defeat
- B. grow weary
- C. change priorities
- D. reduce expectations
- E. fall behind
Answer: A
Explanation:
To VIE is to compete or contend (as in a contest), contrary to giving up, or admitting defeat.
NEW QUESTION 58
The victory of the small Greek democracy of Athens over the mighty Persian empire in 490 B. C. is one of
the most famous events in history. Darius, king of the Persian empire, was furious because Athens had
interceded for the other Greek city-states in revolt against Persian domination. In anger the king sent an
enormous army to defeat Athens.
He thought it would take drastic steps to pacify the rebellious part of the empire. Persia was ruled by one
man. In Athens, however, all citizens helped to rule. Ennobled by this participation, Athenians were
prepared to die for their city-state. Perhaps this was the secret of the remarkable victory at Marathon,
which freed them from Persian rule. On their way to Marathon, the Persians tried to fool some Greek
city-states by claiming to have come in peace. The frightened citizens of Delos refused to believe this. Not
wanting to abet the conquest of Greece, they fled from their city and did not return until the
Persians had left. They were wise, for the Persians next conquered the city of Etria and captured its
people. Tiny Athens stood alone against PersiA. The Athenian people went to their sanctuaries. There
they prayed for deliverance. They asked their gods to expedite their victory. The Athenians refurbished
their weapons and moved to the plain of Marathon, where their little band would meet the Persians. At the
last moment, soldiers from Plataea reinforced the Athenian troops. The Athenian army attacked, and
Greek citizens fought bravely. The power of the mighty Persians was offset by the love that the Athenians
had for their city. Athenians defeated the Persians in archery and hand combat.
Greek soldiers seized Persian ships and burned them, and the Persians fled in terror.
Herodotus, a famous historian, reports that 6400 Persians died, compared with only 192 Athenians.
Darius took drastic steps to ___ the rebellious Athenians.
- A. placate
- B. calm
- C. destroy
- D. weaken
- E. answer not available
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 59
AUTHOR : LITERATE
- A. doctor:fallible
- B. cynic:guillible
- C. saint:notorious
- D. hothead:prudent
- E. judge:impartial
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 60
INFAMOUS : UNFAVORABLE
- A. vindictive: favorable
- B. hospitable:unfavorable
- C. gigantic: unfavorable
- D. mellow:favorable
- E. lax:favorable
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 61
WATERMARK : PAPER ::
- A. landmark : monument
- B. envelope : stamp
- C. character : novel
- D. signature : author
- E. badge : employee
Answer: E
Explanation:
This is a "function or purpose" analogy. A WATERMARK is a faint design embedded in PAPER in order to
identify the paper's maker. A badge is worn by an employee to identify both that employee and the
employer-the "maker" of the employee.
NEW QUESTION 62
SHERIFF : POSSE
- A. foreman: jury
- B. mascot: team
- C. teacher: student
- D. painter: easel
- E. sergeant: regimen
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 63
Every year since 1986, some of the world's most daring runners have gathered in the desert of Morocco.
They are there to take part in one of the most difficult races in the world. The Marathon of the Sands, as it
is called, covers over 125 miles of desert and mountain wilderness. The runners complete the course in
fewer than seven days, and they run with their food, clothing, and sleeping bags on their backs. The
Marathon of the Sands was founded in 1986 by Patrick Bauer. His idea was to give the runners, who
come from all over the world, a special kind of adventure. Most of the runners in this race have found that
they form deep friendships with the other runners during their days and nights in the desert. Facing
terrible heat and complete exhaustion, they learn much about themselves and each other. For most of the
runners, though, the challenge of the race is the main reason for coming. On the first day, for example,
they run fifteen miles across a desert of sand, rocks, and thorny bushes. Few runners finish the day
without blistered and raw feet. They also suffer from a lack of water. (They are allowed less than nine
quarts of water during each day of the race.) Most of all, they are exhausted when they arrive at the
campsite for the night. The second day, the runners are up at 6:00 A. M. Within a few hours, it is 100
degrees F, but the runners do not hesitate. They must cover eighteen miles that day. That night, they rest.
They must be ready for the next day's run. On the third day, the runners must climb giant sand dunes- the
first they have faced. Dust and sand mix with the runners' sweat. Soon their faces are caked with mud.
After fifteen miles of these conditions, the runners finally reach their next camp. The race continues like
this for four more days. The fourth and fifth days are the worst. On the fourth day, the runners pass
through a level stretch and a beautiful, tree-filled oasis, but then, on this and on the next day, they cross
more than twenty-one miles of rocks and sand dunes. The temperature soars to 125 degrees F, and many
runners cannot make it. Helicopters rush fallen runners to medical help. Runners who make it to the end
of the fifth day know that the worst is over. On the sixth day, heat and rocks punish the racers terribly. In
the Valley of Dra, the wind picks up and, as the desert heat is thrust against them with great force, they
grow more and more exhausted. The seventh day is the last, with only twelve miles to be covered. The
dusty, tired, blistered runners set out at daybreak. Near the finish line, children race along with the
runners, for everybody has caught the excitement. The ones who have run the whole marathon know they
have accomplished what most people could not even dream of. "During the hard moments," says one
contestant who has raced here twice, "I'd think, 'Why am I here?' Then I'd realize I was there to find my
limits."
What is the main idea of this passage?
- A. The race causes the strong to stumble and the weak to not finish.
- B. The runners run at their own pace.
- C. The Marathon of the Sands race tests the limits of human endurance.
- D. Every runner runs the race to find their human limits.
- E. The seventh day is the hardest day of the race.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 64
In the 1970s, the idea of building socalled "New Towns" to absorb growth was considered a potential
cure-all for urban problems in the United States. It was assumed that by diverting residents from existing
centers, current urban problems would at least get no worse. It was also assumed that, since European
New Towns had been financially and socially successful, the same could be expected in the United States.
In the end, these ill-considered projects actually weakened
U.S. cities further by drawing away high-income citizens. While industry and commerce sought in turn to
escape, the lower-income groups left behind were unable to provide the necessary tax base to support
the cities. Not surprisingly, development occurred in areas where land was cheap and construction
profitable rather than where New Towns were genuinely needed. Moreover, the failure on the part of
planners and federal legislators to consider social needs resulted not in the sort of successful New Towns
seen in Britain but in nothing more than sprawling suburbs.
The passage states that New Towns n the United States
- A. provided affluent urban residents an escape from the city
- B. provided models for many of today's urban redevelopment projects
- C. provided a thriving social center away from the problems of the older city
- D. were different than those in Great Britain in certain important respects
- E. spurred economic redevelopment in decaying urban centers
Answer: A
Explanation:
In the second paragraph, the author states that one of the effects of New Towns was to draw away
high-income citizens away from the cities-essentially what choiceC.indicates.
NEW QUESTION 65
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